Rumors about Froghemoths

Just thought I'd come up with some ideas for everyone's favorite giant three-eyed alien monsters. Roll a dice or whatever to find out which ones are true.

1. Froghemoths are actually sapient on their native world, but the chemical composition of this world's atmosphere is a neurotoxin to them that gives adults brain damage and stunts the mental development of the young. No froghemoth on this world has ever died of old age, only the accumulated effects of these poisonous gases in their system, which build up over the years like heavy metal poisoning.
2. Froghemoths neither lay eggs nor birth live young but reproduce by budding a new froghemoth at the back of their throat, which they vomit forth when it is developed enough to survive. A gravid froghemoth cannot swallow, and the process takes the better part of three years, which is why they are so ravenous the rest of the time
3. Froghemoths are artificial life-forms, created to be piloted by gnome-sized mechanical creatures-- in essence, they are reverse mechas. Their strange and aggressive behavior is due to their AI going haywire if left on autopilot too long.
4. Froghemoth proteins have reverse chirality to the creatures of this world-- their flesh is indigestible and provides almost no nutritional value. Roast froghemoth tentacle is a popular solution for rich adventurers and nobles trying to lose weight. This also means they are dependent on food from their own world or magically-created food.
5. Some think that Froghemoths howl at the moon, but that's a misconception. They howl in despair and confusion at finding that this planet has three moons fewer than they expect to see in the sky.
6. Froghemoths are to Bullywugs what Father Dagon is to the Deep Scum.
7. Froghemoth eyes make excellent scrying devices, but all three must be used by identical triplets for them to be at their most effective.
8. Froghemoths are actually more closely related to our horses than to our frogs.
9. The moisture in a froghemoth's body is mostly oil rather than water-- anywhere you find one there are surely petroleum deposits nearby that it has been drinking from.
10. Froghemoths cannot digest brains, they store them in an internal pouch that eventually links each brain to their nervous system. While this does little for their intelligence (as the brains function too fundamentally differently), it does improve their reflexes and reaction times. Illithids sometimes tame froghemoths to use as shock cavalry as humans might tame elephants, and at the end of a long career, the froghemoth will be slaughtered and the aged brains feasted upon-- most illithids consider them an acquired taste and enjoying them to be a mark of fine breeding.
11. Froghemoths make for natural alchemical plants-- various bodily fluids, hormones, and secretions in their bodies can be distilled to form a wide variety of useful potions.
12. Froghemoths have no bones, they're supported by a system of muscular and cartilaginous rings like the squids in The Future Is Wild-- and in fact, their skin is as fragile as rice paper; their natural armor comes almost entirely from the toughness of these rings.

In which I take a crack at 5e Hengeyokai

Okay, I haven't done the 5e-style flavor text yet, but I probably will at some point, I just wanted to knock out a draft of this and get the mechanics ready before I did any of that stuff. But the plan is to make a nice pretty PDF and I'll have the fluff ready then.

Hengeyokai Traits

Ability Score Increase: The ability score that is highest in your species increases by 2 in your humanoid and hybrid forms. Treat the intelligence score of your species as if it were 10 higher than it actually is for the purposes of this trait. In the event that two or more scores are tied for highest, you may choose which one to increase.
Age: Hengeyokai mature at about the same rate as humans, reaching adulthood in their late teens. They live slightly longer than do humans, usually around 100 years.
Alignment: Free-spirited, even capricious, and playful, hengeyokai tend to be of chaotic alignment.
Size: In their humanoid or hybrid form Hengeyokai are about the size of humans. In their animal form, Hengeyokai are the normal size for an animal of their species.
Speed: In humanoid and hybrid form, your base walking speed is 30 feet. In animal form you have whatever speed is appropriate to your species.
Shapechanging: Hengeyokai can change their shape among three possible forms. Your natural form is that of a beast of CR 0, but as an action you may assume an anthropomorphic "hybrid" form or a humanoid form that resembles a human with features reminiscent of its animal form. Your human features are always the same unique individual, as are your features in both hybrid and animal forms. You may change shape a number of times per day equal to your level. While you are transformed, the following rules apply:

• While in animal form, your game statistics are replaced by the statistics of the beast, but you retain your alignment, personality, and Intelligence, Wisdom, and Charisma scores. You also retain ali of your skill and saving throw proficiencies, in addition to gaining those of the creature. If the creature has the same proficiency as you and the bonus in its stat block is higher than yours, use the creature's bonus instead of yours. If the creature has any legendary or lair actions, you can't use them.
• In hybrid form, you have darkvision if your animal form would. If your animal form has the Amphibious, Keen Hearing, Keen Smell, Keen Sight, or Water Breathing traits, your hybrid form does as well.
• When you transform, you retain your own hit points and Hit Dice.
• While in your animal form you can't cast spells, and your ability to speak or take any action that requires hands is limited to the capabilities of your beast form. You may, however, communicate with animals of your species (or closely related ones as defined by the DM.) Transforming doesn't break your concentration on a spell you've already cast, however, or prevent you from taking actions that are part of a spell, such as call Lightning, that you've already cast. While in your hybrid form, you may speak normally and cast spells, but you retain the ability to communicate with animals.
• You retain the benefit of any features from your class or other sources and can use them if the new form is physically capable of doing so.
• You choose whether your equipment falls to the ground in your space, merges into your new form, or is worn by it. Worn equipment functions as normal, but the DM decides whether it is practical for the new form to wear a piece of equipment, based on the creature's shape and size. Your equipment doesn't change size or shape to match the new form, and any equipment that the new form can't wear must either fall to the ground or merge with it. Equipment that merges with the form has no effect until you leave the form.

Languages: You can speak, read, and write Common and Sylvan. Additionally, when in hybrid or animal form, you may communicate with animals of your species (or closely related species as defined by the DM.)

Hengeyokai most frequently take the forms of the following animals, as well as the badger, cat, crab, rat, and weasel. Other hengeyokai may be found, but are more unusual.

Carp
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 11
Hit Points: 1 (1d4 - 1)
Speed: 0 ft., swim 30ft.
STR: 1 (- 5)
DEX: 12 (+1)
CON: 8 (-1)
INT: 1 (- 5)
WIS: 10 (+0)
CHA: 2 (-4)

Senses: Passive Perception: 10
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (0 XP)
Water Breathing: The carp can breathe only underwater

Crane
Medium beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 11
Hit Points: 4 (1d8 + 0)
Speed: 10ft., fly 50 ft.
STR: 7 (- 2)
DEX: 13 (+1)
CON: 10 (+0)
INT: 2 (- 4)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 4 (-3)

Skills: Perception +3
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)

ACTIONS
Beak: Melee Weapon Attack: +2 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 1 (1d4-1) piercing damage.

Dog
Small beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 12
Hit Points: 5 (1d6 + 2)
Speed: 40ft.
STR: 8 (-1)
DEX: 11 (+0)
CON: 14 (+2)
INT: 3 (-4)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 6 (- 2)

Skills: Perception: +3
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)
Keen Hearing and Smell: The dog has advantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks that rely on hearing or smell.

ACTIONS
Bite: Melee Weapon Attack:+ 1 to hit, reach 5 ft. , one target. Hit: 1 (1d4- 1) piercing damage.

Fox
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 12
Hit Points: 2 (1d4)
Speed: 40ft., climb 30ft.
STR: 3 (-4)
DEX: 15 (+2)
CON: 10 (+0)
INT: 3 (-4)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 7 (-2)

Skills: Perception: +3, Stealth: +4
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)
Keen Hearing and Smell: The fox has advantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks that rely on hearing or smell.

ACTIONS
Bite: Melee Weapon Attack: +0 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 1 piercing damage.

Monkey
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 12
Hit Points: 2 (1d4)
Speed: 30ft., climb 30ft.
STR: 6 (-2)
DEX: 14 (+2)
CON: 11 (+0)
INT: 6 (-2)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 6 (-2)

Senses: Passive Perception: 11
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)

ACTIONS
Bite: Melee Weapon Attack: +1 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 1 piercing damage.

Rabbit
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 13
Hit Points: 1 (1d4- 1)
Speed: 40ft.
STR: 3 (-4)
DEX: 16 (+3)
CON: 8 (-1)
INT: 2 (-4)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 3 (-4)

Skills: Perception: +3 Stealth: +5
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)
Keen Hearing: The rabbit has advantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks that rely on hearing.

ACTIONS
Bite: Melee Weapon Attack: +5 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 1 piercing damage.

Tanuki
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 13
Hit Points: 1 (1d4- 1)
Speed: 40ft.
STR: 3 (-4)
DEX: 16 (+3)
CON: 8 (-1)
INT: 2 (-4)
WIS: 12 (+1)
CHA: 3 (-4)

Skills: Perception: +3, Stealth: +5
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)
Keen Hearing and Smell: The tanuki has advantage on Wisdom (Perception) checks that rely on hearing or smell.

ACTIONS
Bite: Melee Weapon Attack: +5 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. Hit: 1 piercing damage.

Sparrow
Tiny beast, unaligned
Armor Class: 13
Hit Points: 1 (1d4 - 1)
Speed: 10ft., fly 50 ft.
STR: 2 (-4)
DEX: 16 (+3)
CON: 8 (- 1)
INT: 2 (- 4)
WIS: 12 (+1 )
CHA: 6 (-2)

Skills: Perception: +3
Senses: Passive Perception: 13
Languages: -
Challenge: 0 (10 XP)

In which a background is described: The Refugee

Refugee

You've seen the worst the world has to offer and survived. You lost your home, you lost almost all your possessions, and you probably lost somebody, or a lot of somebodies, along the way, too. What stayed behind? Who will you never see again? Something took your old life away from you, and that something has made you brave, crazy, or desperate enough to turn adventurer.

Skill proficiencies: Survival, Insight

Tool proficiencies: One vehicle or artisan's tool of your choice

Language proficiencies: One of your choice

Equipment: A moth-eaten blanket given in charity, a precious reminder of the home you've lost, a small knife, five GP you've suffered to scrimp together, and the clothes on your back

Ordeal: Something happened that caused a lot of people, including you, to be displaced. Choose a disaster or tragedy, or roll on the table below to define the trouble that plagued your homeland.

1. Plague or epidemic 
2. Famine/drought
3. War, invasion, or civil war
4. Natural disaster (hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunami, etc.)
5. Supernatural disaster (Demons or undead overran the land, magical cataclysm destroyed/sank your homeland, the tarrasque awoke and devastated the kingdom, etc.)
6. Political crisis or genocide

Feature: Object of pity
You've long since learned to give up pride if it means having food and a warm place to sleep. Provided you don't make yourself a threat or a nuisance, you can always find enough people moved by the story of your suffering to allow you to maintain lodgings and food of a meager or poor standard for you and your companions-- and maybe even a modest or comfortable standard for a night or two-- in exchange for minor tasks (for instance, help around the home for a generous peasant family, or attending religious services for a temple or mission.) In addition, as word gets out of your terrible ordeal, strangers in a place you've been living a while may show you a certain level of sympathy.

Personality
1) I never, ever let anything go to waste.
2) I've seen and done terrible things to stay alive. I don't want to talk about them.
3) My trust comes justifiably slowly but it is built to last.
4) Experiencing lean times has made me relish the good life all the more when I can get it.
5) I have no interest in thinking too much about my former life, it's all dead and in the past now.
6) Losing everything has strengthened my religious convictions.
7) I don't want to lose anyone else, I lost too many people already.
8) I still haven't cried, but I'm not ready to smile yet either.

Ideal
1) Nihilism: Chance will have its way with all of us, better to accept it and try to adapt than try to impose order where none exists. (Chaotic)
2) Faith: Even if I can't see it, there is some greater cosmic plan and what I've been through was a necessary step (Lawful)
3) Resentment: The world has been unfair to me, why should I be fair to anyone else? (Evil)
4) Drive: I've always had to struggle and fight, and it's made me strong. (Neutral)
5) Strength: I know what it's like to have no one else to depend on, therefore I will make sure I am someone on whom others can depend. (Good)
6) Hope: I saw the worst the world could show me and I survived. It can only get better for me from here. (Any)

Bond
1) I know that the one I love is still alive out there.
2) My mother was taken from me on that day, but I hope we will see each other again.
3) When I crossed the border and I was hungry, the farmer I met slaughtered his only pig to ensure that I would get the best meal he could provide me.
4) We never met before it all happened, but escaping together made me and another survivor as close as family.
5) Exhausted and on the edge of death, I met an itinerant priest who rescued me and helped me make it across the border. One day I'll repay him for saving my life.
6) So far as I know, only one other member of my family made it out. We're all each other has now.

Flaw
1) I hold the world responsible for not doing more to save us.
2) What happened was a terrible tragedy... and I'm pretty sure we all know who were really responsible for it.
3) If you'd seen what I've seen, you'd never trust anybody either.
4) I used to be rich and powerful, maybe even a noble. I'm disgusted by myself and what I've been reduced to.
5) I may accept your charity, but I'll resent both you and myself for needing to.
6) I've turned to terrible vices to cover up my grief.

Completionism: Or how 5e's release schedule saved my life

I'm something of an obsessive-compulsive when it comes to D&D-- I want the game to feel complete, like nothing is missing or unaccounted for, like it's all thought through.

Sometimes this works for me. Sometimes it compels me to pull at threads and I get a fun, insightful article that gives me (and hopefully you) a greater appreciation for the game, or an interesting new way of handling things. Other times it just causes a lot of trouble and stress for me as suddenly it occurs to me that I overlooked something, and now its absence gnaws at me and leaves me dissatisfied.

This, as a matter of fact, is why I haven't really followed the OSR too closely since my big hiatus. I spent long nights cribbing from every blog post, retroclone, zine, and supplement out there-- and occasionally from the WOTC editions that formed the bulk of my background-- until I lost sight of the simplicity and fun of the game and developed a veritable Frankenstein's monster of house rules, custom classes, and edge cases, every bit as bulky and inaccessible as late-period 3.5 or tax law.

Enter 5th edition. A new D&D, compatible enough to be familiar, or even to reuse old material when necessary, but different enough from TSR!D&D to not allow for direct porting, containing very nearly everything I expect D&D to include in its toolkit, it gave me an opportunity to cast off all the cruft I let myself accumulate-- the cruft I would have had to make a significant effort to stop myself accumulating. It was a breath of fresh air.

There was, during the fall, an expectation that this Elemental Evil/Princes of the Apocalypse campaign they're now preparing to launch would include a supplement, an "Adventurer's Handbook." Whether this was the actual plan and they changed their minds or the whole thing was just misguided speculation isn't for me to know, but either way there's no Adventuer's Handbook planned, either for Elemental Evil or for any future offerings, and there never will be. For the foreseeable future, 5e is just those three books.

Of course there will in all likelihood be new options for Elemental Evil, in all likelihood released through the web (and the monthly Unearthed Arcana column as well, of course.) But the ethos of 5e has so far been very-core focused, so I expect they will not be too many or too sweeping and I also expect they will be treated in a more optional fashion than supplemental rules have been in the past. As such I do not feel the same pressure to keep up with them as I did when I played 3.x and 4e. And furthermore since I feel like I don't have anything vital to my conception of D&D missing, only things I might like, I don't feel the same pressure to incorporate additional options that fell outside of the traditional OSR purview that I felt from about 2011 onwards.

For the first time in a long time, I don't feel like I'm having to extensively kitbash or run the Red Queen's race to get the game I need. Instead, I have everything I need and am being presented with an occasional spate of extras if the mood should strike me.

Now if only I can start feeling ready to accept a little vagueness when I'm worldbuilding...

The Great Karameikos Campaign

Over at RPGnet, the inestimably clever Blacky the Blackball and NPCDave have been doing a retrospective of each Mystara/Known World setting product in turn. Reading it has helped me to gain a new appreciation for a setting I've traditionally been somewhat ambivalent about. Today Dave posted the writeup for the AD&D2e Karameikos: Kingdom of Adventure box set, largely focusing (logically, since obviously much of the rest of the information is similar) on the changes that did-- and occasionally inexplicably didn't-- happen during the 12 in-setting years that passed between Karameikos's previous iteration in the GAZ series. There's actually quite a bit, from Karameikos seceding from Thyatis to the disappearance of Alphatia. Either way, it was eventful enough, as were some of his remarks on the smaller details of the setting that seemingly stagnated during that time, that it got my mind moving a little.

One of the most beloved RPG supplements of all time is Pendragon's The Great Pendragon Campaign, a massive volume largely concerned with detailing the events of the 8 decades between Uther's rise to power and the end of Camelot. The sense of grand, sweeping, momentous history happening with the players right in the thick of events is a big reason why the Campaign is so beloved. Although not quite as grand, either in scope or in scale, as the entirety of the Matter of Britain, those dozen years offer no shortage of interesting times. Why, indeed, could one not create a similar detailed project about Karameikos, perhaps taking more or less inspiration from some of the BECMI modules set in the region?

I dunno, just something I've been thinking about the last few hours. Maybe it'll go somewhere. Maybe not. I should probably take this to the Piazza or Vaults of Pandius or something, surely it'll either fire the imaginations of the community or drag out the obsessive lore-experts to shout me down and point out exactly how and why it's utterly misbegotten.

Maybe the rivers of the Thunder Rift make more sense than I gave them credit for?

Over at the Piazza (and right here on this blog as well), some feedback on my rant about the fluvial system of everyone's favorite micro-setting reached me that I thought was particularly interesting. Maybe these things were more thought-out than I initially assumed they were, or maybe it's just a happy accident that they seem to hold up to surface analysis. Either way, it put me in a good mood. Here's the comment itself reposted for the convenience of those of you who don't follow links.

Possible ret-cons or reinterpretations:

• Change the flow of the southern rivers. They now empty into Lake Melinir. We can’t really tell the slope of that SE canyon/channel from eyeballing the map. 

• Where does Lake Melinir drain? It drains into a subterranean river system that leads into cavernous realm connected to the Rift. Thunder Rift’s Underark, if you will. 

• The Gloomfens, as you note, may be whacky due to magic origins. But why not Wizardspire, too? Does the stream in fact flow uphill in contravention of the laws of nature? That would be pretty trippy. These two sites, Gloomfens and Wizardspire, have linked histories, of course. The Wizard-Warrior feud, magical curses thrown down.

• Option two Wizardspire- Somebody left the tap water one when the assassins wiped out the magic-users. That’s not ONE stream flowing uphill and then down, but TWO streams flowing downhill from two windows/spouts/gutters on the hidden side of the spire. 

Seven Cosmic Rumors

Might as well try to write something.

• Illithids once had an empire that spanned worlds. Why have they degenerated and devolved into a handful of enclaves deep within the earth? Because the dead god on which the Githyanki built their astral capital is Ilsensine, their patron. What the Githyanki don't know is that sooner or later Ilsensine is going to stop playing possum.
• It's easier to get to the Astral Plane from the elemental planes of water and air than the planes of fire and earth. Water and Air elementals are known to brag about this in mixed company.
• It's said that there's one location in the world that is a natural gate to each outer plane. Mount Celestia is a particularly tall mountain range on which an order of Lawful Good monks live forever in pursuit of spiritual alignment, the Abyss is a massive gorge shrouded in scalding-hot steam and noxious vapors, Mechanus is an elaborate space station that has sat in orbit since time beyond memory, and so on and so forth. Regardless, all are hopelessly remote and it would be a fool's errand to try to journey to them... unless one were a great hero.
• The best way to get to the Moon is by ethereal travel. Somehow it manages to be the one part of the Ethereal that's really scenic. The moon itself is ethereal stone and exists equally in both planes.
• Ilepho, a gnome philosopher, once wrote that the Feywild and the Shadowfell are not separate planes unto themselves, but that the material plane, like many outer planes, has overlapping layers (if you must know, he compared it to a Spanakopita). His half-sister Argia the Elder disagreed, she wrote that the Feywild is the ancient, mythic past and the Shadowfell is the aftermath of some future catastrophe yet to be seen. Their disagreement culminated into a duel to the death.
• The stars are roughly divided (in increasing order of frequency) between being the distant suns of other worlds, holes in the dome of the sky through which the radiance of distant planes leaks, the eyes of unfathomable entities that coolly and enviously regard the earth, and ordinary rocks with Continual Light spells cast upon them that slipped the surly bonds of earth to float in the sky. Depending on who you ask, this list might be in a different order.
• There used to be other elemental planes. No one has seen them in centuries.

13 Monstrous rumors

Some ideas I had while paging through the 5e Monster Manual (which I'm quite impressed with, I may have to write a review later.)

• The basilisk is the female of the species. The cockatrice is male. To stumble upon them as they mate is not a pleasant experience.
• There once lived an albino red dragon whose favorite amusement was battling wizards who, believing him to be a white dragon, had filled their minds with fire spells.
• Erelhei-Cinlu and Menzoberranzan are the drow equivalent of the (ahem) Deep South. While dark elf society is decadent and duplicitous, other drow mock their excessive devotion to Lolth and cultural obsession with slavery.
• Dryads love to ride on the shoulders of treants. It makes them feel safe.
• Gargoyles only move when no one is watching... or so they believe; they are in fact rather poor judges of other creatures' visual acuity.
• All genies are able to grant wishes, but only nobles are authorized to do so.
• Ghouls and ghasts are actually a living race, not a type of undead, they merely recoil from holiness as if they were.
• Ice devils are not truly devils, but have lived in the nine hells so long as to work their way into the hierarchy anyhow.
• It is a mercy that the Invisible Stalker cannot be seen, and an even greater one that enchantments to see the invisible relay only a vague, formless outline. Those under the effects of truesight who have seen an Invisible Stalker uncloaked invariably retreat beyond the farthest shores of madness.
• "Blibdoolpoolp" is just an approximation of the name of the Kuo-Toa's lobster-headed goddess. Her real name is pronounced identically to the last three bubbles of air that leave a drowning man's lungs.
• In the far north, the deathless creature we call a mummy is known as a draugr.
• A shadow that impresses Orcus may become a shadow demon.
• All wraiths are bound to a magical item they coveted in life, all wights are bound to the tomb in which they were buried, and all spectres to a particular bloodline they wish to exterminate.

In which the last horse crosses the finish line, or "Hey Rachel, why come so many dungeons?"

You may not know this, but I spend a lot of time around Reddit. One of my favorite subreddits is /r/AskScienceFiction, where people ask questions about sci-fi, fantasy, and occasionally other fictional universes, and the answers are provided from an in-universe perspective. Some of the time the answers come from an obscure bit of canon, but a lot of the time it's just a platform for who can come up with the most interesting speculative answer.

Recently, someone asked what defensive fortifications look like in a high-magic fantasy world. After all, he reasoned, real castles evolved to combat the siege tactics that were being used historically, but a world with magic-users, dragons, and other fantasy elements would present different challenges to a lord looking to protect his holdings.

One common answer we use is that these things are so rare that it seldom presents an issue. But that doesn't quite jive with the assumptions most versions of D&D (really, any versions that I can think of) present about the world by default. But there's another answer that does. To put it simply, the keep as we know it is obsolete as a form of defense in D&D. It is replaced, interestingly enough, by the humble dungeon. A thick layer of earth provides a barrier to many forms of divination, and hinders many magical forms of ingress (teleportation becomes a risky proposition if you can't see where you're going, even with otherwise relatively safe short-range methods like Dimension Door), The narrow, twisting passages of a dungeon reduce visibility, create defensible chokepoints to halt invaders from, and discourage the use of area-of-effect spells by an attacking force, and can be constructed to be a difficult or impossible fit for larger enemies.

More traditional fortifications do retain some use-- after all, moats, palisades and curtain walls will still serve as obstacles for an approaching army, and towers offer a vantage point for spotting any approach, as well as high ground for archers and mages to rain death from above on. But the construction of these will differ. I would expect to see, rather than the more conventional open roofs with parapets, a wide room or machicolation with a sturdy roof and many arrow slits, the better to protect the defenders from being snatched up or dive-bombed by flying monsters.

Most people, and most domesticated animals, will still prefer to live aboveground, so there will likely be buildings inside the bailey. Generally these will be made from cheaply-replaceable wood, as the auxiliary buildings of many real-world castles are, but even the main hall stands a good chance of being made of wood. Any strategically-important business must be conducted underground where prying magical eyes and ears will have a harder time spying on it.

In short, the reason your campaign setting is peppered with underground complexes is because the dungeon is the natural evolution of a castle to defend against the kind of threats unique to a fantasy world. Much as abandoned or ruined castles are scattered across the countrysides of Europe today, so will the remains of an old or conquered fortress be a common sight for travelers and explorers. The advantages of underground fortifications against magical or monstrous assault will have been realized early, probably even before the advent of masonry, so the dungeon will remain even when the wooden structures and fortifications of more ancient castles are gone.

As always, questions, critiques, or further insights are welcome.

In which a 5e Background is introduced: The Fey-Touched

FEY-TOUCHED

When you were very young, you were kidnapped and taken to the Feywild to be raised in the court of a fairy noble, and a changeling left in your place. Were you raised as a princeling? A pet? A slave? You were set free, escaped, or simply allowed to leave the nest when you grew up and have come to the material plane to seek your fortune.

Skill Proficiencies: Arcana, Persuasion

Tool Proficiencies: One gaming set or musical instrument

Languages: Sylvan.

Equipment: A set of fine clothes, a token to remember your birth family by or a small favor from your patron, and a purse containing 15GP

Feature: Fairy Courtier
You grew up among the fey, and are used to their bizarre customs, strange manners, and frequent shifts in logic. When interacting with fey, you can keep up with them as easily as you can with material plane societies.

Personality: 
1. I am only really familiar with the customs and habits of the Feywild, so I seem strange and unusual.
2. People mistake me for being highly superstitious because I take every opportunity to appease any of the Fair Folk that might live nearby.
3. I grew up around such strange beauty that I find myself somewhat blase about the world.
4. I was treated harshly as a slave of the Lords and Ladies, and am somewhat fearful and submissive.
5. I was a favored child of the fey and have a spoiled and entitled attitude.
6. I am bizarrely joyful and prone to jokes, songs, or dance.

IDEAL:
1. Stringency: I hold myself and everyone I make deals with to the exact letter of their word, as the fairies do. (Lawful)
2. Cruelty: My masters treated me as a plaything, and I will do the same if I can to others. (Evil)
3. Freedom: I escaped the Feywild, and I encourage others to escape what is holding them. (Chaotic)
4. Unpredictability: Things in my home were often strange, and I always expect the unexpected. (Chaotic)
5. Wonder: Things in the Feywild are so amazing, I wish to share that beauty with the world! (Good)
6. Curiosity: The Material Plane is so different from the Feywild, it's exciting to see what it has to offer. (Neutral)

BOND:
1. I am on the run from my wicked faerie captors.
2. My patron owes me a favor that one day I'd like to collect if I see them again.
3. I was betrothed to one of the fey before I left.
4. I won my freedom in a game-- and the loser isn't happy.
5. I bargained away something irreplaceable, like my memories of my birth family or the color of my hair.
6. My birth family weren't fooled by the changeling left in my place, and have never given up searching for me.

FLAW:
1. I am the adopted scion of a lord or lady of the Feywild. Mere mortals are beneath me.
2. I never quite seem to fit in, no matter where I go.
3. I was... altered, somehow, and not in a nondescript way. People stare.
4. Once, I had to bargain away one or more of my emotions. I no longer feel that way at all.
5. Years of toil in the hostile social environment of the Feywild has embittered me.
6. I've learned all too well to fear what magic, used in anger, can do.

Alternate Feature: Fey Patron (Credit to /u/JRutterbush at reddit)
You have the ability to contact one of the fey who raised you, from whom you may ask favors. They may be unable or unwilling to help, or require repayment in kind.

Another 5e Basic vs B/X comparison: Monster lists

So yesterday the 5e basic rules updated to include several monsters, some DM guidelines for encounter building, and a small selection of basic magic items. Overall I thought it was a bit of a curious list, so, submitted for your consideration: A comparison of the monster selection provided in 5e Basic and in B/X follows. Overall... it's not a terrible list, though I think it's a touch short on fey, aberrations, and undead, and a bit heavy on animals. And only two dragons is a bit of a bummer as well. Special prize for the most WTF inclusion goes to the Spectator, which is there despite the fact that the Beholder is not, and to the Quipper, which I had to look up-- it's a sort of coldwater piranha made up for the 1e Fiend Folio, apparently (I'm surprised they didn't just call it a piranha, mostly.) Also, they swapped out Stegosaurus for Ankylosaurus, which strikes me as pretty weird-- but I think 3.5 and 4e had Ankylosaurs early in the running too. Maybe someone at WOTC just really likes Ankylosaurus?

Another interesting decision is that none of the demihuman races are featured as monsters in their own right, rather you apply their racial traits to a set of default NPC stats. Which is kinda neat, actually.

A-C

B/X	5e Basic
Acolyte	Acolyte
Antelope	Allosaurus
Ape, White	Animated Armor
Bandit	Ankylosaurus
Basilisk	Ape
Bat	Ape, Giant
Bat, Giant	Awakened Shrub
Bear, Black	Awakened Tree
Bear, Grizzly	Axe Beak
Bear, Polar	Baboon
Bear, Cave	Badger
Beetle, Fire, Giant	Badger, Giant
Beetle, Oil, Giant	Bandit
Beetle, Tiger, Giant	Banshee
Berserker	Basilisk
Black Pudding	Bat
Blink Dog	Bat, Giant
Boar	Bear, Black
Bugbear	Bear, Brown
Caecilia	Bear, Polar
Camel	Berserker
Carrion Crawler	Blink Dog
Cat, Great, Mountain Lion	Boar
Cat, Great, Panther	Boar, Giant
Cat, Great, Lion	Bugbear
Cat, Great, Tiger	Camel
Cat, Great, Saber-toothed Tiger	Cat
Cave Locust, Giant	Centaur
Centaur	Centipede, Giant
Centipede, Giant	Chimera
Chimera	Cockatrice
Cockatrice	Commoner
Crab, Giant	Crab
Crocodile	Crab, Giant
Crocodile, Large	Crocodile
Crocodile, Giant	Crocodile, Giant
Cyclops	Cultist
	Cyclops

D-G

B/X	5e Basic
Devil Swine	Death Dog
Displacer Beast	Deer
Djinni	Doppelganger
Doppelganger	Dragon, Green, Young
Dragon, White	Dragon, Red, Adult
Dragon, Black	Eagle
Dragon, Green	Eagle, Giant
Dragon, Blue	Elemental, Air
Dragon, Red	Elemental, Earth
Dragon, Gold	Elemental, Fire
Dragon Turtle	Elemental, Water
Driver Ant	Elephant
Dryad	Elk
Dwarf*	Elk, Giant
Efreet	Flameskull
Elemental, Air	Flying Sword
Elemental, Earth	Frog
Elemental, Fire	Frog, Giant
Elemental, Water	Gargoyle
Elephant	Ghost
Elf*	Ghoul
Ferret, Giant	Giant, Hill
Fish, Giant, Piranha	Giant, Fire
Fish, Giant, Rockfish	Giant, Frost
Fish, Giant, Catfish	Gnoll
Fish, Giant, Sturgeon	Goat
Gargoyle	Goat, Giant
Gelatinous Cube	Goblin
Ghoul	Golem, Flesh
Giant, Hill	Golem, Stone
Giant, Stone	Grick
Giant, Fire	Griffon
Giant, Frost	Guard
Giant, Cloud
Giant, Storm
Gnoll
Gnome
Goblin
Golem, Wood
Golem, Bone
Golem, Amber
Golem, Bronze
Gorgon
Grey Ooze
Green Slime
Griffon

H-M

B/X	5e Basic
Halfling*	Harpy
Harpy	Hawk
Hawk, Normal	Hawk, Blood
Hawk, Giant	Hellhound
Hellhound	Hippogriff
Hippogriff	Hobgoblin
Hobgoblin	Horse, Riding
Horse, Riding	Horse, Draft
Horse, Draft	Horse, War
Horse, War	Hydra
Hydra	Hyena
Invisible Stalker	Hyena, Giant
Killer Bee	Jackal
Kobold	Knight
Leech, Giant	Kobold
Living Statue, Crystal	Lizard
Living Statue, Stone	Lizard, Giant
Living Statue, Iron	Lizardfolk
Lizard, Giant, Gecko	Lycanthrope, Werewolf
Lizard, Giant, Draco	Mage
Lizard, Giant, Horned Chameleon	Mammoth
Lizard, Giant, Tuatara	Manticore
Lizard Man	Mastiff
Lycanthrope, Wererat	Medusa
Lycanthrope, Werewolf	Merfolk
Lycanthrope, Wereboar	Minotaur
Lycanthrope, Weretiger	Mule
Lycanthrope, Werebear	Mummy
Manticore
Mastodon
Medium
Medusa
Men, Brigand
Men, Buccaneer
Men, Dervish
Men, Merchant
Men, Nomad
Mermen
Minotaur
Mule
Mummy

N-R

B/X	5e Basic
Neanderthal	Nothic
Nixie	Ochre Jelly
Noble	Octopus
Normal Human	Octopus, Giant
NPC Party*	Ogre
Ochre Jelly	Orc
Octopus, Giant	Owl
Ogre	Owl, Giant
Orc	Owlbear
Owlbear	Pegasus
Pegasus	Phase Spider
Pixie	Plesiosaurus
Pterodactyl	Pony
Pteranodon	Priest
Purple Worm	Pteranodon
Rat	Quipper
Rat, Giant	Rat
Rhinoceros, Normal	Rat, Giant
Rhinoceros, Wooly	Raven
Rhagodessa	Rhinoceros
Robber Fly
Roc, Small
Roc, Large
Roc, Giant
Rock Baboon
Rust Monster

S-V

B/X	5e Basic
Salamander, Flame	Satyr
Salamander, Frost	Scorpion
Scorpion, Giant	Scorpion, Giant
Sea Dragon	Seahorse
Sea Serpent	Seahorse, Giant
Shadow	Skeleton
Shark, Bull	Snake, Poisonous
Shark, Mako	Snake, Constrictor
Shark, Great White	Snake, Flying
Shrew, Giant	Snake, Giant, Poisonous
Shrieker	Snake, Giant, Constrictor
Skeleton	Spectator
Snake, Spitting Cobra	Spider
Snake, Pit Viper	Spider, Giant
Snake, Sea Snake	Spider, Giant, Wolf
Snake, Giant Rattler	Stirge
Snake, Rock Python	Swarm, Bats
Spectre	Swarm, Insects
Spider, Giant, Crab	Swarm, Poisonous Snakes
Spider, Giant, Black Widow	Swarm, Quippers
Spider, Giant, Tarantella	Swarm, Rats
Sprite	Swarm, Ravens
Squid, Giant	Toad, Giant
Stegosaurus	Thug
Stirge	Triceratops
Swarm, Insect	Troll
Termite, Water, Swamp	Twig Blight
Termite, Water, Fresh	Tyrannosaurus Rex
Termite, Water, Salt	Vulture
Thoul	Vulture, Giant
Titanothere
Trader
Toad, Giant
Treant
Triceratops
Troglodyte
Troll
Tyrannosaurus Rex W-Z
Unicorn
Vampire
Veteran

W-Z

B/X	5e Basic
Weasel, Giant	Wasp, Giant
Whale, Killer	Weasel
Whale, Narwhal	Weasel, Giant
Whale, Sperm	Whale, Killer
Wight	Wight
Wraith	Wolf
Wolf	Wolf, Dire
Wolf, Dire	Wolf, Winter
Wyvern	Worg
Yellow Mold	Wyvern
Zombie	Yeti
	Zombie